Kolkata, formerly Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India. The city served as the capital of British India until 1911 and is renowned for its grand colonial architecture, art galleries, and cultural festivals. Often dubbed the 'City of Joy' or 'Cultural Capital of India,' Kolkata boasts a rich intellectual and artistic heritage, having produced numerous Nobel laureates, poets, and filmmakers. Its vibrant street life is characterized by bustling markets, iconic yellow taxis, and an array of culinary delights, from street food like puchka to elaborate Bengali sweets. The Victoria Memorial, Howrah Bridge, and Eden Gardens are among its most recognizable landmarks. Kolkata is also a major economic hub, with industries ranging from IT to manufacturing, though it has faced challenges related to infrastructure and urban planning.