London, the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, is a global powerhouse in arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport. Situated on the River Thames, it has been a major settlement for two millennia, with its history dating back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. The city is renowned for its iconic landmarks such as the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and the British Museum, attracting millions of tourists annually. London is also a melting pot of cultures, with a diverse population speaking over 300 languages, making it one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the world. Its extensive public transportation network, including the historic Underground (Tube), connects its various districts, from the historic City of London to the vibrant West End and the modern financial hub of Canary Wharf.